Chemistry · Water Chemistry

In the carbonate system of natural waters, which reaction represents the complete equilibrium that buffers pH?

Verified Solution4 OptionsUpdated: October 2026👁️1 View

1CO2 + H2O ⇌ HCO3- + OH-
2H2CO3 ⇌ CO2 + O2
3CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3- ⇌ 2H+ + CO32-✓
4CO2 + CO32- ⇌ 2HCO3-

Correct answer

CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3- ⇌ 2H+ + CO32-

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