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In recent years, governments across the world have increasingly relied on data-driven decision-making to design public welfare schemes. While such an approach promises efficiency and targeted delivery, critics warn that excessive dependence on algorithms may lead to the 1 of human judgment. Automated systems often 2 fail to account for local realities, cultural nuances, and ethical considerations, resulting in policies that appear rational on paper but prove ineffective on the ground. Such outcomes reveal the 3 nature of purely algorithmic governance models when applied to complex social environments. Experts argue that technology should function as an aid rather than a replacement for administrative discretion. Policymakers are therefore urged to adopt a balanced framework that seeks a 4 between analytical precision and experiential insight, ensuring that governance remains effective as well as humane. Choose the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 4: