In public key cryptography, exponentiation is a commonly used operation. Which option gives the tightest upper bound on the number of multiplications required to compute bn mod m, where 0 ≤ b and n ≤ m?

Which of the following events is considered a major turning point that fueled Indian nationalism during British rule due to its brutal nature and widespread condemnation?

Which of the following events is considered the first major peasant uprising against the British in India?