If a cantilever beam of length L carries a uniformly distributed load w only over a length 'a' from the fixed end, the expression for deflection at the free end is (where E is the modulus of elasticity and I is the moment of inertia):

A beam in pure bending is subjected to equal and opposite couples and no shear force. Which type of shear stress is zero?

The ratio of the maximum and minimum normal stresses is equal to _________ in the case of pure shear.

The ratio of plastic moment 'MP' of a member to the yield strength 'σy' of its material is called ____.