Identify the number that correctly replaces the question mark (?) in the given relation. 23 : 682 :: 27 : ?

14 is related to 56 following a certain logic. Following the same logic, 35 is related to 140. To which of the following is 48 related, following the same logic? (NOTE: Operations should be performed on the whole numbers, without breaking down the numbers into their constituent digits.)

Following a certain logic, 7 is related to 31. Following the same logic, 9 is related to 43. Following the same logic, 13 is related to which of the following options? (Note: Operations must be performed on whole numbers without breaking the numbers into their component digits.)