Research Methodology · Statistical Significance

Identify the correct statements regarding the p-value used in hypothesis testing: 1. The p-value indicates the probability of obtaining the observed results (or more extreme) if the null hypothesis (H0) is true. 2. A small p-value indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis (H0). 3. The p-value indicates the absolute probability that the null hypothesis (H0) is true. 4. A p-value < 0.05 conventionally means the result is statistically significant. 5. The p-value alone does not indicate the magnitude or effect size of the observed difference.