How did pastoralists adapt to changes brought by the modern world? (I) Some pastoralists reduced the number of cattle they owned. (II) Some pastoralists discovered new pastures in different directions. (III) Richer pastoralists bought land and settled down as peasants. (IV) Some pastoralists combined pastoralism with trade or wage labour.

What were the consequences of the shortage of pastures under colonial rule? (I) Remaining grazing lands were subjected to continuous and intensive grazing. (II) The overall quality of pastures deteriorated over time. (III) Large numbers of underfed cattle died during famines and droughts. (IV) Pastoralists deliberately increased the size of their herds to overcome pasture shortages.

Identify the correct statements about the traditional social structure of the Maasai community. (I) Elders formed councils and took decisions regarding community affairs. (II) Warriors were responsible for protecting the tribe and conducting cattle raids. (III) Young men became warriors after proving their manliness through bravery and raids. (IV) Warriors were completely independent and never under the authority of elders.