Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: Alienation (Entfremdung) is a structural outcome of capitalist, factory-based specialized industrial production. Reason R: Commodity production in capitalism commodifies labor power and alters fundamental social relations into relations between things. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer:

In Marxist theory, which of the following elements form part of the 'superstructure'? a. Mode of production b. Political structure c. Values d. Culture e. Economy

Which among the following are components of the theory of alienation put forward by Karl Marx? (i) Workers are alienated from their productive activity (ii) Workers are alienated from the product of their labor (iii) Workers are alienated from species-essence (human nature/others) (iv) Workers are alienated from the state Select the correct answer using the options given below: