For axial load and combined biaxial bending moment in the iteration formula used by IS 456, αn is based on Pu / Puz, where Puz is given by:

A compression member is considered to be short if its slenderness ratio satisfies which of the following conditions?

For a cantilever beam subjected to a vertical point load at its free end, designed as per Limit State Method, the section at the fixed end is designed to resist which of the following? (Note: Consider that the beam is safe in slenderness limits.)