During weaning from mechanical ventilation, which of the following signs indicates that the patient is not tolerating the trial?

A patient is intubated with an endotracheal tube (ETT). To confirm proper placement, a bedside chest X-ray is advised. The tube position is considered correct when the tip is approximately how far above the carina?

The primary goal of using Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV), such as BiPAP or CPAP, is to: