Education · Pragmatism in Education

Critics cite several demerits against Pragmatism in education. Which of the following criticisms are accurately reflected in standard analyses of pragmatist educational theory? 1. It rejects pre-determined aims of life, leading to a lack of set and predetermined aims for education itself. 2. It opposes the concept of eternal truths, asserting that truth is merely relative and changes based on circumstances. 3. It overlooks the limitations of acquiring knowledge solely through direct personal experiences, leading to condemnation of traditional formal education. 4. It negates the existence of spiritual values, placing a disproportionate emphasis on material welfare and practical utility. 5. It fails to support Pluralism, instead promoting the unity of reality found in Monism. Choose the correct option: