Economics · Five Year Plans

Consider the structural evolution of Indian economic planning from the Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997) to the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017). Which of the following inferences regarding this two-decade period of Indian planning is/are correct? 1. The Eighth Plan's shift to 'Indicative Planning' primarily mandated the private sector to adhere to centrally fixed production targets, rather than relying on market signals. 2. The core theme of 'Inclusive Growth' was first introduced in the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007). 3. The Twelfth Plan's objective of 'Sustainable Growth' was explicitly quantified by monitorable targets such as the generation of 50 million new work opportunities in the non-farm sector and reducing gender and social gaps in school enrolment. 4. The post-1991 era consistently maintained a primary focus on reducing the fiscal deficit and managing the Balance of Payments, reflecting the ongoing necessity of macroeconomic stabilisation.