Chemistry · Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Refining
Consider the following statements related to the processing of heavy crude oils, such as those sourced from Venezuela: I. High Total Acid Number (TAN) in crude oil increases the risk of naphthenic acid corrosion in high-temperature refinery units. II. Elevated concentrations of metals and nitrogen in heavy crude oils adversely affect hydroprocessing catalysts and reduce operational efficiency. III. Lower API gravity of crude oil is associated with higher density and viscosity, making refining more complex and energy-intensive. IV. Blending bottom-heavy crude oils with lighter crude streams improves feedstock quality and processability in complex refineries within technical limits. How many of the above statements are correct?
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