Sociology · Social Inequality and Systemic Racism

Consider the following statements regarding the multifaceted nature and consequences of racism as a systemic issue: I. Racism is a systemic social disease embedded in institutional norms and practices rather than being limited to individual prejudice. II. Pseudoscientific theories, such as Darwin's 'survival of the fittest,' have been historically invoked to legitimize racial exploitation and domination. III. Racism operates on the assumption that an individual's capabilities and behaviors are determined by biological or ancestral traits. IV. The consequences of racism include economic disparities, social exclusion, and the rationalization of historical systems like the transatlantic slave trade. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: