History · Modern History of Bihar

Consider the following statements regarding the intellectual awakening and the evolution of provincial identity in Bihar: 1. The motivation for demanding a separate Bihar province was primarily driven by the marginalization experienced by Biharis within the Bengal Presidency, specifically concerning government jobs and education. 2. The late 19th-century intellectual awakening was characterized by a strategic shift from the 'pen' to the 'sword,' where intellectuals relied heavily on armed uprisings to achieve provincial separation. 3. Driven by feelings of marginalization and relentless press campaigns, the movement culminated in the actual separation of Bihar and Orissa from Bengal in 1912. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?