General Studies · Total Quality Management

Arun is a quality assurance manager at a university library implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) to enhance cataloguing accuracy and user satisfaction. He employs TQM tools such as cause-and-effect diagrams and Pareto charts to identify and prioritize metadata errors in electronic records. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding TQM tools in this context? 1. The cause-and-effect diagram (also known as Fishbone diagram) helps identify root causes of metadata inconsistencies by categorizing potential factors like people, processes, and systems. 2. The Pareto chart is used to prioritize quality issues by showing that roughly 80% of metadata errors come from 20% of the causes. 3. Check sheets are structured forms used to collect and analyze data on the frequency of specific types of cataloguing defects during quality audits.