History · Historiography and Historical Theories
Arnold J. Toynbee's 'Challenge and Response' theory explains the rise of civilizations as a result of:
Verified Solution4 OptionsUpdated: October 2026👁️1 View
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- 1Strict economic determinism
- 2Religious reform movements
- 3Environmental and social challenges creatively answered✓
- 4Military conquest and expansion
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Environmental and social challenges creatively answered
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