Education · Educational Evaluation & Psychometrics

A test developer is constructing an assessment that will be analyzed using the Graded Response Model (GRM), a specialized IRT framework specifically tailored for analyzing test items that offer multiple ordered response categories. Arrange the following procedural steps of Item Writing for this assessment in their correct chronological sequence: A. Ensure a balance of positively and negatively worded items to avoid response biases during the drafting phase. B. Break down the well-defined construct into measurable dimensions or facets to guide the development of specific test items. C. Conduct pilot testing with a small sample from the target population to gather preliminary data on item performance. D. Choose appropriate response scales, such as a 5-point Likert scale, to provide the multiple ordered response categories required for the model.