A teacher in one of his initial classes on 'Structure of Atom' draws it and compares it with the solar system which the students are already familiar with. He compares the massive nucleus with the sun and electrons with the planets. Which pedagogic device is this teacher employing?

A teacher notices during a lesson on force and motion that some students are confused. She conducts a short test in the middle of the lesson to identify misconceptions and adjusts her teaching approach based on the results. What kind of assessment is the teacher conducting?

In a school project work, such as one on 'Water Conservation' where students design models, present findings, and submit detailed reports, assessment can be done through: