A teacher believes that each child is unique and a special individual, and therefore actively involves them in their own education and development. The teacher is adopting:

A child-centered classroom would: (i) have provisioning for a lot of resources. (ii) be based on flexible grouping. (iii) use textbooks as the only source of knowledge. (iv) have children as active participants. (v) follow a rigidly structured curriculum and employ summative assessment.

Which of the following does NOT ensure child-centered teaching-learning?