A straight line cuts the lines of action of three concurrent forces OP, OQ, and OR at points A', B', and C' respectively. If R is the resultant of P and Q, and (P / OA') + (Q / OB') = R / OC', then the relationship between the components satisfies which mathematical operator?

Calculate the magnitude of the smaller force if two forces act at an angle of 120° and the larger force has a magnitude of 40 N. (Note: The resultant of these two forces is perpendicular to the smaller force.)

The resultant of two like parallel forces P and Q passes through a point O. The resultant still passes through O when P and Q are increased by R and S respectively, as well as when P and Q are replaced by Q and R respectively. The force S is equal to: