A company has recently declared a dividend of 12c per share. The share price is $3.72 cum div and earnings for the most recent year were 60c per share. What is the P/E ratio?

If the return on the market portfolio has a standard deviation (σm) of 20% and the covariance between the returns on security A and the market portfolio (CovA,m) is 800, what is the Beta (β) of security A?

Purchasing power risk, which affects the real value of investments over time due to rising price levels, is also commonly known as: