A classical gas of N particles is kept at a temperature T and is confined to move on a two-dimensional surface (xy-plane). If an external linear force field is applied along the x-axis, then the partition function of the system will be proportional to:

Which Indian independence movement leader was primarily known for his philosophy and practice of non-violent civil disobedience?

Who gave the call for 'Do or Die' during the Quit India Movement in 1942?

Which of the following revolutionary pairs were imprisoned together in Cellular Jail and faced harsh conditions, contributing significantly to the Indian independence movement?