A 220 V DC machine has an armature resistance of 1 Ω and operates at a full-load armature current of 20 A. What is the difference in the induced EMF when the machine functions as a motor compared to when it operates as a generator?

A shunt generator delivers 200 A at a terminal voltage of 240 V. Calculate the generated e.m.f. if its armature resistance and shunt field resistance are 0.05 Ω and 60 Ω, respectively.

A DC shunt motor operating at 230 V terminal voltage draws an armature current of 20 A. If its armature resistance is 1 Ω, determine the value of the back EMF (Eb).