Current Affairs · Archaeological & Environmental Studies
A 2026 study on 'Archaeological Forest Ecology' in the Dalma Hills has suggested that the decline of the early medieval Copper-smelting industry in the region was due to:
- 1'Ecological Over-shoot,' where the demand for charcoal for smelting led to the total deforestation of the hills, destroying the subsistence base of the population.✓
- 2The introduction of the 'Permanent Settlement' by the Mughals in the 16th century, which prioritized agriculture over mining.
- 3An invasion by the Chola Dynasty which diverted the forest resources of Jharkhand for the construction of the navy.
- 4The exhaustion of the copper mines in the Rakha and Mosabani belts by the 10th century AD.
Correct answer
'Ecological Over-shoot,' where the demand for charcoal for smelting led to the total deforestation of the hills, destroying the subsistence base of the population.
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