120 mm चौड़ाई और 280 mm गहराई वाले एक आयताकार बीम पर 80 kN का अधिकतम कर्तन बल (shear force) लगाया जाता है। बीम में अधिकतम कर्तन प्रतिबल (shear stress) क्या होगा?

The principal strains recorded for a rectangular panel subject to biaxial loading are ε11 = 100 × 10-6 and ε22 = -50 × 10-6. The magnitude of maximum shear strain is ____ × 10-6.

A steel rod of length 1 m is fixed at one end and free at the other end. It is subjected to a temperature rise of 20°C. If the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material is 20 × 10-6/°C, what is the thermal strain produced in the rod (in terms of × 10-6)?