The thickness of a graph G, denoted as θ(G), is defined as the minimum number of edge-disjoint planar subgraphs into which G can be decomposed. What is the thickness of any planar graph?

The total number of edges in a regular graph with n vertices and degree d is given by:

बिना किसी सेल्फ़-लूप वाले n-शीर्ष (vertices) वाले एक साधारण अरास्तेदार (undirected) ग्राफ में अधिकतम कितनी भुजाएँ (edges) हो सकती हैं?

For a network with n devices connected in a fully connected mesh topology, the number of duplex physical links required is: